{
  "$schema": "./framework-coverage.schema.json",
  "title": "Framework Coverage Matrix",
  "description": "How current agent frameworks support patterns from this catalog. Coverage values: 'fully' = first-class documented support; 'limited' = partial support, requires recipe, or only via integrations; 'none' = pattern is not supported by the framework and would need to be built outside it; 'unknown' = not yet analysed. Patterns omitted from a framework's coverage map are 'unknown' by convention. This file is hand-curated and conservative: contributors should add cells only with citation and update last_analyzed when they touch a row.",
  "last_analysis_date": "2026-04-30",
  "coverage_values": {
    "fully": "First-class, documented support; the canonical way to do this in the framework.",
    "limited": "Partial support: requires a recipe, third-party integration, workaround, or is not idiomatic.",
    "none": "Explicitly not supported; would need to be built outside the framework.",
    "unknown": "Not yet analysed."
  },
  "frameworks": [
    {
      "id": "langchain",
      "name": "LangChain",
      "vendor": "LangChain Inc.",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://www.langchain.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "plan-and-execute": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "hybrid-search": "fully",
        "contextual-retrieval": "limited",
        "cross-encoder-reranking": "fully",
        "fallback-chain": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "session-isolation": "fully",
        "context-window-packing": "limited",
        "supervisor": "limited",
        "handoff": "limited",
        "approval-queue": "limited",
        "citation-streaming": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "skill-library": "limited",
        "chain-of-thought": "limited",
        "self-refine": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "langgraph",
      "name": "LangGraph",
      "vendor": "LangChain Inc.",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "handoff": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "limited",
        "approval-queue": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "decision-log": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "fallback-chain": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "evaluator-optimizer": "fully",
        "session-isolation": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "llamaindex",
      "name": "LlamaIndex",
      "vendor": "LlamaIndex Inc.",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://www.llamaindex.ai/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "contextual-retrieval": "fully",
        "hybrid-search": "fully",
        "cross-encoder-reranking": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "autogen",
      "name": "AutoGen",
      "vendor": "Microsoft",
      "language": "Python, .NET",
      "url": "https://microsoft.github.io/autogen/stable/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "autogen-conversational": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "camel-role-playing": "limited",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "code-as-action": "fully",
        "code-execution": "fully",
        "handoff": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "limited",
        "agent-resumption": "limited",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "crewai",
      "name": "CrewAI",
      "vendor": "CrewAI Inc.",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://www.crewai.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "camel-role-playing": "limited",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "handoff": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "dspy",
      "name": "DSPy",
      "vendor": "Stanford NLP",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://dspy.ai/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "dspy-signatures": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "chain-of-thought": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "best-of-n": "fully",
        "self-refine": "limited",
        "automatic-workflow-search": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "evaluator-optimizer": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "semantic-kernel",
      "name": "Semantic Kernel",
      "vendor": "Microsoft",
      "language": ".NET, Python, Java",
      "url": "https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/semantic-kernel/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "skill-library": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited",
        "react": "limited",
        "supervisor": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "haystack",
      "name": "Haystack",
      "vendor": "deepset",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://haystack.deepset.ai/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "hybrid-search": "fully",
        "cross-encoder-reranking": "fully",
        "citation-streaming": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited",
        "tool-use": "limited",
        "react": "limited",
        "step-budget": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "smolagents",
      "name": "smolagents",
      "vendor": "Hugging Face",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://huggingface.co/docs/smolagents/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "code-as-action": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "limited",
        "agent-as-tool-embedding": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited",
        "step-budget": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "openai-agents-sdk",
      "name": "OpenAI Agents SDK",
      "vendor": "OpenAI",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://openai.github.io/openai-agents-python/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "handoff": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "limited",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "openai-swarm",
      "name": "OpenAI Swarm",
      "vendor": "OpenAI",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/openai/swarm",
      "status": "deprecated",
      "successor": "openai-agents-sdk",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "handoff": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pydantic-ai",
      "name": "Pydantic AI",
      "vendor": "Pydantic Services Inc.",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://ai.pydantic.dev/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "evaluator-optimizer": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "n8n",
      "name": "n8n",
      "vendor": "n8n GmbH",
      "language": "TypeScript (low-code)",
      "url": "https://n8n.io/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "fallback-chain": "fully",
        "supervisor": "limited",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "approval-queue": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "inngest-agentkit",
      "name": "Inngest AgentKit",
      "vendor": "Inngest",
      "language": "TypeScript",
      "url": "https://agentkit.inngest.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "approval-queue": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "temporal",
      "name": "Temporal",
      "vendor": "Temporal Technologies",
      "language": "Go, Java, Python, TypeScript, .NET, PHP, Ruby",
      "url": "https://temporal.io/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully",
        "compensating-action": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mastra",
      "name": "Mastra",
      "vendor": "Mastra",
      "language": "TypeScript",
      "url": "https://mastra.ai/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "limited",
        "supervisor": "limited",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "evaluator-optimizer": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "vercel-ai-sdk",
      "name": "Vercel AI SDK",
      "vendor": "Vercel",
      "language": "TypeScript",
      "url": "https://ai-sdk.dev/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "citation-streaming": "fully",
        "stop-cancel": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "claude-agent-sdk",
      "name": "Claude Agent SDK",
      "vendor": "Anthropic",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://docs.claude.com/en/api/agent-sdk/overview",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "fully",
        "skill-library": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "tool-result-caching": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "approval-queue": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "google-adk",
      "name": "Agent Development Kit (ADK)",
      "vendor": "Google",
      "language": "Python, Java",
      "url": "https://google.github.io/adk-docs/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "handoff": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "limited",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "evaluator-optimizer": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "letta",
      "name": "Letta",
      "vendor": "Letta",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://docs.letta.com/",
      "aliases": [
        "MemGPT"
      ],
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "memgpt-paging": "fully",
        "five-tier-memory-cascade": "fully",
        "cross-session-memory": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited",
        "agent-resumption": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "agno",
      "name": "Agno",
      "vendor": "Agno",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://docs.agno.com/",
      "aliases": [
        "PhiData"
      ],
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bee-agent",
      "name": "Bee Agent Framework",
      "vendor": "IBM",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://framework.beeai.dev/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "atomic-agents",
      "name": "Atomic Agents",
      "vendor": "BrainBlend AI",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/BrainBlend-AI/atomic-agents",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "react": "limited",
        "agentic-rag": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "langflow",
      "name": "LangFlow",
      "vendor": "Langflow",
      "language": "Python (visual)",
      "url": "https://www.langflow.org/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "fallback-chain": "fully",
        "supervisor": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "goose",
      "name": "Goose",
      "vendor": "Block",
      "language": "Rust (CLI)",
      "url": "https://block.github.io/goose/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "mcp": "fully",
        "code-execution": "fully",
        "computer-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "step-budget": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "livekit-agents",
      "name": "LiveKit Agents",
      "vendor": "LiveKit",
      "language": "Python, Node.js",
      "url": "https://docs.livekit.io/agents/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "multilingual-voice-agent": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "structured-output": "limited",
        "stop-cancel": "fully",
        "step-budget": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "metagpt",
      "name": "MetaGPT",
      "vendor": "DeepWisdom",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "camel-role-playing": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "code-as-action": "fully",
        "agent-as-judge": "fully",
        "automatic-workflow-search": "fully",
        "spec-driven-loop": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "openhands",
      "name": "OpenHands",
      "aliases": [
        "OpenDevin"
      ],
      "vendor": "All Hands AI",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/All-Hands-AI/OpenHands",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "code-as-action": "fully",
        "code-execution": "fully",
        "computer-use": "fully",
        "subagent-isolation": "fully",
        "sandbox-isolation": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "marvin",
      "name": "Marvin",
      "vendor": "Prefect Technologies",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/PrefectHQ/marvin",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "burr",
      "name": "Burr",
      "vendor": "DAGWorks",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://burr.dagworks.io/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "decision-log": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "approval-queue": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "outlines",
      "name": "Outlines",
      "vendor": ".txt (dottxt-ai)",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://dottxt-ai.github.io/outlines/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "dspy-signatures": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "instructor",
      "name": "Instructor",
      "vendor": "Jason Liu / community",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://python.useinstructor.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "tool-use": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "autogpt",
      "name": "AutoGPT",
      "vendor": "Significant Gravitas",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://news.agpt.co/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "react": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully",
        "todo-list-driven-agent": "fully",
        "code-execution": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "babyagi",
      "name": "BabyAGI",
      "vendor": "Yohei Nakajima",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/yoheinakajima/babyagi",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "todo-list-driven-agent": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "tool-use": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "camel-ai",
      "name": "CAMEL-AI",
      "vendor": "CAMEL-AI.org",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://www.camel-ai.org/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "camel-role-playing": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "agent-as-judge": "fully",
        "code-as-action": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "flowise",
      "name": "Flowise",
      "vendor": "FlowiseAI",
      "language": "TypeScript (visual)",
      "url": "https://flowiseai.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "supervisor": "limited",
        "fallback-chain": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pocketflow",
      "name": "PocketFlow",
      "vendor": "The Pocket",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://github.com/The-Pocket/PocketFlow",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "supervisor": "limited"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "eko",
      "name": "Eko",
      "vendor": "FellouAI",
      "language": "TypeScript",
      "url": "https://eko.fellou.ai/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "browser-agent": "fully",
        "computer-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hamilton",
      "name": "Hamilton",
      "vendor": "DAGWorks",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://hamilton.dagworks.io/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agent-resumption": "limited",
        "decision-log": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "restack",
      "name": "Restack",
      "vendor": "Restack",
      "language": "Python, TypeScript",
      "url": "https://www.restack.io/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully",
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "step-budget": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "modal",
      "name": "Modal",
      "vendor": "Modal Labs",
      "language": "Python",
      "url": "https://modal.com/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "agent-resumption": "fully",
        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "code-execution": "fully",
        "sandbox-isolation": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cohere-command",
      "name": "Cohere Command R+ Agents",
      "vendor": "Cohere",
      "language": "API (Python, TypeScript, REST)",
      "url": "https://docs.cohere.com/docs/multi-step-tool-use",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "react": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "citation-streaming": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "bedrock-agents",
      "name": "Amazon Bedrock Agents",
      "vendor": "Amazon Web Services",
      "language": "API (multi-language SDKs)",
      "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/bedrock/agents/",
      "last_analyzed": "2026-04-30",
      "coverage": {
        "tool-use": "fully",
        "agentic-rag": "fully",
        "supervisor": "fully",
        "orchestrator-workers": "fully",
        "structured-output": "fully",
        "approval-queue": "fully",
        "agent-resumption": "fully"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "azure-ai-foundry-agent-service",
      "name": "Azure AI Foundry Agent Service",
      "vendor": "Microsoft Azure",
      "language": "API (multi-language SDKs)",
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      "id": "vertex-ai-agent-builder",
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      "id": "rasa",
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      "id": "ms-bot-framework",
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      "id": "voiceflow",
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    },
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      "id": "aider",
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      "id": "open-interpreter",
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      "vendor": "Open Interpreter",
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      "id": "continue-dev",
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      "id": "cline",
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      "id": "roo-code",
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      "id": "plandex",
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      "id": "sweep",
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    },
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      "id": "gpt-engineer",
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      "vendor": "Anton Osika / community",
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      "id": "cursor",
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      "id": "windsurf",
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      "id": "github-copilot-coding-agent",
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      "id": "devin",
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      "id": "v0",
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      "id": "boltnew",
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      "id": "lovable",
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      "id": "junie",
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      "id": "zed-ai",
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      "id": "dust",
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      "id": "intercom-fin",
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      "id": "maven-agi",
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      "id": "agentscope",
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      "id": "kimi-agent",
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      "id": "deepseek-agent",
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    },
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      "id": "minimax-agent",
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        "agentic-rag": "fully"
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    },
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      "id": "pipecat",
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        "stop-cancel": "fully"
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    },
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      "id": "vapi",
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      "vendor": "Vapi",
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        "conversation-handoff": "fully"
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    },
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      "id": "retell-ai",
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    },
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      "id": "hume-evi",
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      "id": "elevenlabs-conversational",
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        "react": "fully",
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      "id": "browser-use",
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      "id": "stagehand",
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        "sandbox-isolation": "fully",
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    },
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      "id": "multion",
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      "id": "zep",
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      "id": "mem0",
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      "id": "11x",
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        "scheduled-agent": "fully",
        "event-driven-agent": "fully"
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      "id": "artisan",
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}